1️⃣ What Is a 401(k)?

“A 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan — you can’t just open one yourself. It must come through your paycheck.”

Two Types of 401(k)s:

• Traditional 401(k) — Pre-tax contributions (save taxes now, pay later).
• Roth 401(k) — Post-tax contributions (tax-free withdrawals later).

“Traditional 401(k) gives you tax savings today. Roth 401(k) gives you tax-free income later. Choose based on your timeline and income bracket.”

2️⃣ Contribution Limits for 2024

• Individual contribution: $23,000 per year (under 50).
• Catch-up contribution: $7,500 extra (age 50+).
• Employer match: Typically 4–6% of salary.

“If your employer offers a match, take it — it’s free money that doubles your investment.”

3️⃣ Employer Match & Vesting Explained

“If you plan to stay 2–3 years, employer matching alone makes it worth it.”

Example:

• Salary: $120,000/year; Employer match: 5%.
• You contribute $6,000; Employer adds $6,000.
• Funds vest 33% per year (fully yours after 3 years).

4️⃣ Understanding U.S. Tax Brackets — Marginal vs Effective

“Think of your 401(k) as a legal tax shield. You save tax at your high-income phase and pay at a lower rate in retirement.”

Example:

• Annual income: $120,000; marginal rate: 22%; effective: ~13.7%.
• Contribution: $20,000 → save ~$6,400/year (federal + state).

5️⃣ The Power of Tax-Deferred Compounding

“The real magic isn’t in tax savings — it’s in growth on untaxed money.”

Contributing $20,000/year for 20 years at 8% return → grows to ~$916,000.

After-tax equivalent: ~$675,000 — a $240,000 difference thanks to tax deferral.

6️⃣ Should You Contribute If You’re Moving Back to India?

Scenario 1 — Employer Match Available

“Absolutely contribute up to the match. It’s a 100% guaranteed return.”

Even with penalties, matched funds often keep you net positive.

Scenario 2 — Returning in 1–3 Years

“Contribute anyway. Plans change — people who think they’ll leave next year often stay five.”

Later, roll over into an IRA or withdraw strategically during your RNOR phase.

Download the 401(k) & IRA Rollover Blueprint →

7️⃣ When Does It Not Make Sense?

• No employer match.
• Short visa or relocation timeline.
• Need liquidity for moving costs.

“Even 1–2 years of contributions can pay off — compounding starts from day one.”

8️⃣ Avinash’s Rule of Thumb

9️⃣ What Happens After You Leave the U.S.?

“Leaving doesn’t mean losing — you still own your 401(k).”

• Keep it with employer (limited flexibility).
• Roll over to IRA for control and more options.
• Avoid early withdrawals (10% penalty + tax before 59½).

Plan your 401(k) withdrawals tax-efficiently →

🔟 Key Takeaways

1. Always take employer match — free growth.
2. Use 401(k) for tax optimization, even short-term.
3. Prefer rollovers, not withdrawals.
4. Withdraw during RNOR years for max benefit.
5. Even small durations compound massively over time.